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Reinfection

This dashboard provides a snapshot of COVID-19 reinfection counts and reinfection intervals within the Enclave.

Select a Topic to Explore:

Total COVID+ Patients in the N3C Data Enclave, or patients who have had, a laboratory-confirmed positive COVID-19 PCR or Antigen test, a laboratory-confirmed positive COVID-19 Antibody test, or a Medical visit in which the ICD-10 code for COVID-19 (U07.1) was recorded

8.91M

Data as of Oct 10, 2024 (v185)

* See Limitations Below
First Diagnosis Count*
8.83M
Reinfection Count*
388.59k

Daily Counts of First-Time COVID+ Patients Vs. # of Those Patients who Experienced Reinfections

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2020AprJulOct2021AprJulOct2022AprJulOct2023AprJulOct2024AprJulDate05,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,00045,00050,00055,000First Diagnosis Count02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001,8002,0002,200Reinfection CountFirst DiagnosisReinfection

Sample: COVID+ patients , or patients who have had a laboratory-confirmed positive COVID-19 PCR or Antigen test  in the N3C Data Enclave. This graph shows the daily COVID+ cases within the Enclave and the number those patients diagnosed on that day who had subsequent infections. For example, on 3/28/20, the number of patients diagnosed with COVID was 2,448; of these patients, 201 were reinfected later at any date. For additional information, see limitations below.

Hover over the graph to show the counts for that day. Click and drag to focus on a specific time range. Double click to revert to the default time range.

This data contains COVID+ patients in the N3C Data Enclave who have had more than one positive PCR or Antigen test at least 60 days apart.

 

A COVID-positive patient is defined as any patient having one of the following within their EHR records:

  1. Laboratory confirmed positive COVID-19 PCR or Antigen test
  2. Laboratory confirmed positive COVID-19 Antibody test
  3. Medical visit in which the ICD-10 code for COVID-19 (U07.1) was recorded
    • Condition diagnosis patients have no record of a positive PCR/Antigen or Antibody test within their EHR; however, they were diagnosed with COVID due to the symptoms they displayed.

A reinfected patient is defined as any patient who had more than one positive PCR or Antigen test 60 days or more apart.

  • If a patient had multiple tests, but any of those tests were not at least 60 days apart, they would be excluded.
  • The number of reinfected patients may be higher in actuality as:
    • Patients who were diagnosed based only on a positive Antibody test or condition diagnosis would be excluded.
    • Patients may not have had their COVID-19 illness addressed by our partners or not have sought medical care at all.

General Enclave Limitations

  • “Sicker” patients will likely be overrepresented within the N3C Data Enclave, as sicker patients will more often seek out and receive care at clinical centers.
  • The N3C may have multiple contributors to data “missingness”. Clinical facts and events that occur in the real world may not be captured for reasons including:
    • The event was recorded at a clinical site that does not contribute data
    • Data is not yet linked across sites
    • Medical records are inherently incomplete
  • Some of the external datasets that have been used for analysis cannot be fully mapped due to issues such as missing measurement units.
  • All dates within the Enclave have been shifted between -3 to 45 days to ensure that reidentification is not possible.
  • N3C data may not be representative of the entire US population
    • N3C does NOT have a representative sample of any state, as data is contributed from only a few providers in each region (Region - includes multiple states).
  • Cell sizes smaller than 20 people have been suppressed
  • For COVID+ patients: A patient is only counted once in this data, even if they have multiple positive tests over time. Except in instances where dashboards focus on reinfection, only dates of first infection are utilized.